What is an Epidermoid Cyst?
An epidermoid cyst is an enclosed cavity located in deeper layers of the skin. This cavity may be filled with sebum, cell and tissue debris, or pus. It is surrounded by a capsule that separates the cyst from the surrounding tissue. Causes may include traumatic events or pre-existing conditions such as acne, though often the cause remains unknown. Epidermoid cysts commonly occur on the face, torso, or upper limbs.
Definition
What is an Epidermoid Cyst?
It is a benign tumor, primarily affecting adolescents and young adults. A cyst is a cavity that extends into deep tissue layers and is surrounded by a capsule that isolates it from the surrounding tissue. The cavity can contain sebum, cellular and tissue debris, or pus, often appearing with a central opening.
Epidermoid cysts are typically 1–3 cm in size, appear skin-colored, raised, and sharply defined. They commonly occur on the face, torso, or upper limbs and affect adolescents or middle-aged adults.
If you have an unclear skin condition, feel free to contact our dermatologists via the dermanostic app. Our team of experts can help diagnose your condition and provide a detailed medical report.
Causes
Why does an epidermoid cyst form?
While some cysts arise without an identifiable cause (primary cysts), others (secondary cysts) are linked to trauma or pre-existing conditions like acne. They may also be associated with rare syndromes (e.g., Gardner syndrome, basal cell nevus syndrome) or treatments involving immunosuppressants.
Epidermoid cysts often result from clogged hair follicles, where sebum builds up, potentially causing tissue overgrowth. This creates a cyst containing sebum, cells, and tissue debris.
Symptoms
What does an epidermoid cyst look like?
Epidermoid cysts appear as single or grouped, raised, sharply defined, skin-colored growths. Pigmentation is rare, and their size usually ranges between 1–3 cm. They are typically non-painful and feel firm yet elastic to the touch. A central opening is often visible.
For unclear skin conditions, contact our dermatologists via the dermanostic app. Our expert team will assist with diagnosis and provide a comprehensive medical report.
Complications
What are the risks of an epidermoid cyst?
Improper handling, such as self-removal, can lead to complications like abscesses or inflamed cysts, particularly in acne patients. If left untreated, it is extremely rare for an epidermoid cyst to develop into a malignant tumor.
Treatment
How is an epidermoid cyst treated?
A simple surgical procedure can remove an epidermoid cyst entirely, typically under local anesthesia. The cyst should be removed intact, rather than opened. In rare cases, a laser may be used to drain pus or liquid contents before removal.
If you’re dealing with an unclear skin issue, contact our dermatologists via the dermanostic app. Our expert team will provide you with an accurate diagnosis and a detailed medical report.