A sebaceous cyst, or atheroma, is a common non-cancerous cyst that forms under the skin. Cysts are growths that can develop in various parts of the body, containing liquid or pasty material. These cysts are most commonly found on the face, neck, or torso. They grow slowly and are not life-threatening but can become uncomfortable if left untreated.
Atheromas occur when a sebaceous gland, responsible for secreting an oily substance called sebum, becomes blocked. This blockage might occur due to an injury, scratch, surgical incision, or skin conditions like acne. Over time, keratin, the main structural protein in skin and nails, accumulates, forming a cyst.
Common Causes:
- Blocked Sebaceous Gland Ducts: If the gland or its duct is damaged or blocked, a cyst may form.
- Cell Damage During Surgery: This can sometimes lead to the formation of cysts.
- Genetic Conditions: Such as Gardner syndrome or Gorlin syndrome, can increase the risk of cysts.
Symptoms
Small sebaceous cysts are usually painless, but larger ones may cause discomfort or even pain. They are soft to the touch and filled with sebum, keratin, and cells from the hair sheath.
Diagnosis
Most sebaceous cysts can be diagnosed through a physical exam. In rare cases, imaging tests (such as CT scans or ultrasounds) or a biopsy may be used to rule out malignancy.
Treatment Options
A sebaceous cyst can be treated by drainage or surgical removal:
- Complete Excision: Removal of the cyst, its capsule, and some surrounding tissue, often leaving a scar.
- Minimal Excision: Leaves a smaller scar but may increase the risk of cyst recurrence.
- Laser Excision: Involves draining the cyst with a laser, then removing the capsule about a month later.
Home Remedies
Natural remedies may help reduce smaller cysts:
- Cabbage Leaves: Cooked leaves placed on the cyst can help soothe it.
- Tea Bags: Applied overnight can reduce inflammation.
- Colloidal Silver: Acts as an anti-inflammatory.
- Potato Slices: Known for their vitamin C content, can aid in natural healing.
Recommendations
- Maintain good hygiene and avoid scratching or squeezing cysts.
- Drink water, eat fiber-rich foods, and avoid sun exposure.
Sebaceous cysts are generally non-cancerous, but if signs of infection appear, such as redness, pain, or pus, consult a doctor promptly.